Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Klaas R Westerterp; Yosuke Yamada; Hiroyuki Sagayama; Philip N Ainslie; Lene F Andersen; Liam J Anderson; Lenore Arab; Issaad Baddou; Kweku Bedu-Addo; Ellen E Blaak; Stephane Blanc; Alberto G Bonomi; Carlijn V C Bouten; Pascal Bovet; Maciej S Buchowski; Nancy F Butte; Stefan G J A Camps; Graeme L Close; Jamie A Cooper; Sai K Das; Richard Cooper; Lara R Dugas; Ulf Ekelund; Sonja Entringer; Terrence Forrester; Barry W Fudge; Annelies H Goris; Michael Gurven; Catherine Hambly; Asmaa El Hamdouchi; Marije B Hoos; Sumei Hu; Noorjehan Joonas; Annemiek M Joosen; Peter Katzmarzyk; Kitty P Kempen; Misaka Kimura; William E Kraus; Robert F Kushner; Estelle V Lambert; William R Leonard; Nader Lessan; Corby K Martin; Anine C Medin; Erwin P Meijer; James C Morehen; James P Morton; Marian L Neuhouser; Theresa A Nicklas; Robert M Ojiambo; Kirsi H Pietiläinen; Yannis P Pitsiladis; Jacob Plange-Rhule; Guy Plasqui; Ross L Prentice; Roberto A Rabinovich; Susan B Racette; David A Raichlen; Eric Ravussin; Rebecca M Reynolds; Susan B Roberts; Albertine J Schuit; Anders M Sjödin; Eric Stice; Samuel S Urlacher; Giulio Valenti; Ludo M Van Etten; Edgar A Van Mil; Jonathan C K Wells; George Wilson; Brian M Wood; Jack Yanovski; Tsukasa Yoshida; Xueying Zhang; Alexia J Murphy-Alford; Cornelia U Loechl; Amy H Luke; Herman Pontzer; Jennifer Rood; Dale A Schoeller; William W Wong; John R Speakman; Stefan Branth; Lisa H Colbert; Niels C De Bruin; Alice E Dutman; Sölve Elmståhl; Mikael Fogelholm; Tamara Harris; Rik Heijligenberg; Hans U Jorgensen; Christel L Larsson; Elisabet M Rothenberg; Margaret McCloskey; Gerwin A Meijer; Daphne L Pannemans; Sabine Schulz; Rita Van den Berg-Emons; Wim G Van Gemert; W Wilhelmine; Venne Verboeket-van de; Jeanine A Verbunt; Renaat M Philippaerts; Amy Subar; Minna Tanskanen; Ricardo Uauy; Erica J Velthuis-te Wierik

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

Klaas R Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai K DasRichard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, William W Wong, John R Speakman, Stefan Branth, Lisa H Colbert, Niels C De Bruin, Alice E Dutman, Sölve Elmståhl, Mikael Fogelholm, Tamara Harris, Rik Heijligenberg, Hans U Jorgensen, Christel L Larsson, Elisabet M Rothenberg, Margaret McCloskey, Gerwin A Meijer, Daphne L Pannemans, Sabine Schulz, Rita Van den Berg-Emons, Wim G Van Gemert, W Wilhelmine, Venne Verboeket-van de, Jeanine A Verbunt, Renaat M Philippaerts, Amy Subar, Minna Tanskanen, Ricardo Uauy, Erica J Velthuis-te Wierik

School of Sport and Health Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. Objectives A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. Methods In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3–96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. Results PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM–adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: −0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: −0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. Conclusions If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1583-1589
Number of pages	7
Journal	The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume	114
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260
Publication status	Published - 3 Sep 2021

Keywords

Nutrition and Dietetics
Medicine
body composition
doubly labeled water
physical activity level
energy expenditure
age

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10.1093/ajcn/nqab260Licence: CC BY

nqab260Final published version, 2.33 MBLicence: CC BY

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Westerterp, K. R., Yamada, Y., Sagayama, H., Ainslie, P. N., Andersen, L. F., Anderson, L. J., Arab, L., Baddou, I., Bedu-Addo, K., Blaak, E. E., Blanc, S., Bonomi, A. G., Bouten, C. V. C., Bovet, P., Buchowski, M. S., Butte, N. F., Camps, S. G. J. A., Close, G. L., Cooper, J. A., ... Velthuis-te Wierik, E. J. (2021). Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 114(5), 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

@article{81bb6dc8560c419897ec87bfdc4772ec,

title = "Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life",

abstract = "ABSTRACT Background Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. Objectives A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. Methods In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3–96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. Results PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM–adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: −0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: −0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. Conclusions If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.",

keywords = "Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine, body composition, doubly labeled water, physical activity level, energy expenditure, age",

author = "Westerterp, {Klaas R} and Yosuke Yamada and Hiroyuki Sagayama and Ainslie, {Philip N} and Andersen, {Lene F} and Anderson, {Liam J} and Lenore Arab and Issaad Baddou and Kweku Bedu-Addo and Blaak, {Ellen E} and Stephane Blanc and Bonomi, {Alberto G} and Bouten, {Carlijn V C} and Pascal Bovet and Buchowski, {Maciej S} and Butte, {Nancy F} and Camps, {Stefan G J A} and Close, {Graeme L} and Cooper, {Jamie A} and Das, {Sai K} and Richard Cooper and Dugas, {Lara R} and Ulf Ekelund and Sonja Entringer and Terrence Forrester and Fudge, {Barry W} and Goris, {Annelies H} and Michael Gurven and Catherine Hambly and Asmaa El Hamdouchi and Hoos, {Marije B} and Sumei Hu and Noorjehan Joonas and Joosen, {Annemiek M} and Peter Katzmarzyk and Kempen, {Kitty P} and Misaka Kimura and Kraus, {William E} and Kushner, {Robert F} and Lambert, {Estelle V} and Leonard, {William R} and Nader Lessan and Martin, {Corby K} and Medin, {Anine C} and Meijer, {Erwin P} and Morehen, {James C} and Morton, {James P} and Neuhouser, {Marian L} and Nicklas, {Theresa A} and Ojiambo, {Robert M} and Pietil{\"a}inen, {Kirsi H} and Pitsiladis, {Yannis P} and Jacob Plange-Rhule and Guy Plasqui and Prentice, {Ross L} and Rabinovich, {Roberto A} and Racette, {Susan B} and Raichlen, {David A} and Eric Ravussin and Reynolds, {Rebecca M} and Roberts, {Susan B} and Schuit, {Albertine J} and Sj{\"o}din, {Anders M} and Eric Stice and Urlacher, {Samuel S} and Giulio Valenti and Van Etten, {Ludo M} and Van Mil, {Edgar A} and Wells, {Jonathan C K} and George Wilson and Wood, {Brian M} and Jack Yanovski and Tsukasa Yoshida and Xueying Zhang and Murphy-Alford, {Alexia J} and Loechl, {Cornelia U} and Luke, {Amy H} and Herman Pontzer and Jennifer Rood and Schoeller, {Dale A} and Wong, {William W} and Speakman, {John R} and Stefan Branth and Colbert, {Lisa H} and {De Bruin}, {Niels C} and Dutman, {Alice E} and S{\"o}lve Elmst{\aa}hl and Mikael Fogelholm and Tamara Harris and Rik Heijligenberg and Jorgensen, {Hans U} and Larsson, {Christel L} and Rothenberg, {Elisabet M} and Margaret McCloskey and Meijer, {Gerwin A} and Pannemans, {Daphne L} and Sabine Schulz and {Van den Berg-Emons}, Rita and {Van Gemert}, {Wim G} and W Wilhelmine and {Verboeket-van de}, Venne and Verbunt, {Jeanine A} and Philippaerts, {Renaat M} and Amy Subar and Minna Tanskanen and Ricardo Uauy and {Velthuis-te Wierik}, {Erica J}",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

day = "3",

doi = "10.1093/ajcn/nqab260",

language = "English",

volume = "114",

pages = "1583--1589",

journal = "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition",

issn = "0002-9165",

publisher = "Oxford University Press (OUP)",

number = "5",

}

Westerterp, KR, Yamada, Y, Sagayama, H, Ainslie, PN, Andersen, LF, Anderson, LJ, Arab, L, Baddou, I, Bedu-Addo, K, Blaak, EE, Blanc, S, Bonomi, AG, Bouten, CVC, Bovet, P, Buchowski, MS, Butte, NF, Camps, SGJA, Close, GL, Cooper, JA, Das, SK, Cooper, R, Dugas, LR, Ekelund, U, Entringer, S, Forrester, T, Fudge, BW, Goris, AH, Gurven, M, Hambly, C, El Hamdouchi, A, Hoos, MB, Hu, S, Joonas, N, Joosen, AM, Katzmarzyk, P, Kempen, KP, Kimura, M, Kraus, WE, Kushner, RF, Lambert, EV, Leonard, WR, Lessan, N, Martin, CK, Medin, AC, Meijer, EP, Morehen, JC, Morton, JP, Neuhouser, ML, Nicklas, TA, Ojiambo, RM, Pietiläinen, KH, Pitsiladis, YP, Plange-Rhule, J, Plasqui, G, Prentice, RL, Rabinovich, RA, Racette, SB, Raichlen, DA, Ravussin, E, Reynolds, RM, Roberts, SB, Schuit, AJ, Sjödin, AM, Stice, E, Urlacher, SS, Valenti, G, Van Etten, LM, Van Mil, EA, Wells, JCK, Wilson, G, Wood, BM, Yanovski, J, Yoshida, T, Zhang, X, Murphy-Alford, AJ, Loechl, CU, Luke, AH, Pontzer, H, Rood, J, Schoeller, DA, Wong, WW, Speakman, JR, Branth, S, Colbert, LH, De Bruin, NC, Dutman, AE, Elmståhl, S, Fogelholm, M, Harris, T, Heijligenberg, R, Jorgensen, HU, Larsson, CL, Rothenberg, EM, McCloskey, M, Meijer, GA, Pannemans, DL, Schulz, S, Van den Berg-Emons, R, Van Gemert, WG, Wilhelmine, W, Verboeket-van de, V, Verbunt, JA, Philippaerts, RM, Subar, A, Tanskanen, M, Uauy, R & Velthuis-te Wierik, EJ 2021, 'Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life', The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 114, no. 5, pp. 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

TY - JOUR

T1 - Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

AU - Westerterp, Klaas R

AU - Yamada, Yosuke

AU - Sagayama, Hiroyuki

AU - Ainslie, Philip N

AU - Andersen, Lene F

AU - Anderson, Liam J

AU - Arab, Lenore

AU - Baddou, Issaad

AU - Bedu-Addo, Kweku

AU - Blaak, Ellen E

AU - Blanc, Stephane

AU - Bonomi, Alberto G

AU - Bouten, Carlijn V C

AU - Bovet, Pascal

AU - Buchowski, Maciej S

AU - Butte, Nancy F

AU - Camps, Stefan G J A

AU - Close, Graeme L

AU - Cooper, Jamie A

AU - Das, Sai K

AU - Cooper, Richard

AU - Dugas, Lara R

AU - Ekelund, Ulf

AU - Entringer, Sonja

AU - Forrester, Terrence

AU - Fudge, Barry W

AU - Goris, Annelies H

AU - Gurven, Michael

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - El Hamdouchi, Asmaa

AU - Hoos, Marije B

AU - Hu, Sumei

AU - Joonas, Noorjehan

AU - Joosen, Annemiek M

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter

AU - Kempen, Kitty P

AU - Kimura, Misaka

AU - Kraus, William E

AU - Kushner, Robert F

AU - Lambert, Estelle V

AU - Leonard, William R

AU - Lessan, Nader

AU - Martin, Corby K

AU - Medin, Anine C

AU - Meijer, Erwin P

AU - Morehen, James C

AU - Morton, James P

AU - Neuhouser, Marian L

AU - Nicklas, Theresa A

AU - Ojiambo, Robert M

AU - Pietiläinen, Kirsi H

AU - Pitsiladis, Yannis P

AU - Plange-Rhule, Jacob

AU - Plasqui, Guy

AU - Prentice, Ross L

AU - Rabinovich, Roberto A

AU - Racette, Susan B

AU - Raichlen, David A

AU - Ravussin, Eric

AU - Reynolds, Rebecca M

AU - Roberts, Susan B

AU - Schuit, Albertine J

AU - Sjödin, Anders M

AU - Stice, Eric

AU - Urlacher, Samuel S

AU - Valenti, Giulio

AU - Van Etten, Ludo M

AU - Van Mil, Edgar A

AU - Wells, Jonathan C K

AU - Wilson, George

AU - Wood, Brian M

AU - Yanovski, Jack

AU - Yoshida, Tsukasa

AU - Zhang, Xueying

AU - Murphy-Alford, Alexia J

AU - Loechl, Cornelia U

AU - Luke, Amy H

AU - Pontzer, Herman

AU - Rood, Jennifer

AU - Schoeller, Dale A

AU - Wong, William W

AU - Speakman, John R

AU - Branth, Stefan

AU - Colbert, Lisa H

AU - De Bruin, Niels C

AU - Dutman, Alice E

AU - Elmståhl, Sölve

AU - Fogelholm, Mikael

AU - Harris, Tamara

AU - Heijligenberg, Rik

AU - Jorgensen, Hans U

AU - Larsson, Christel L

AU - Rothenberg, Elisabet M

AU - McCloskey, Margaret

AU - Meijer, Gerwin A

AU - Pannemans, Daphne L

AU - Schulz, Sabine

AU - Van den Berg-Emons, Rita

AU - Van Gemert, Wim G

AU - Wilhelmine, W

AU - Verboeket-van de, Venne

AU - Verbunt, Jeanine A

AU - Philippaerts, Renaat M

AU - Subar, Amy

AU - Tanskanen, Minna

AU - Uauy, Ricardo

AU - Velthuis-te Wierik, Erica J

PY - 2021/9/3

Y1 - 2021/9/3

N2 - ABSTRACT Background Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. Objectives A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. Methods In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3–96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. Results PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM–adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: −0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: −0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. Conclusions If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

AB - ABSTRACT Background Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. Objectives A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. Methods In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3–96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. Results PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM–adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: −0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: −0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. Conclusions If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.

KW - Nutrition and Dietetics

KW - Medicine

KW - body composition

KW - doubly labeled water

KW - physical activity level

KW - energy expenditure

KW - age

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118441591&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260

M3 - Article

VL - 114

SP - 1583

EP - 1589

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

IS - 5

ER -

Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life

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