Fluid assessment and associated treatment

This chapter explores the normal anatomy of the intravascular, interstitial, and intercellular fluid compartments, the mechanism of normal fluid homeostasis and compensatory mechanisms. The common causes of fluid deficit and fluid excess are highlighted alongside the role of fluid assessment and replacement using intravenous therapy using fluids or blood products. This also discussed with reference to the nurse’s role in evaluating fluid status. Finally, there is also a useful section on the metabolic emergencies of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome.